When issuing "btrfs filesystem resize max /" I get an error "error: unable to resize '/' - no such device" if the devid for the underlying partition is 2. Fix: mention the exact devid in the command, which in my case implies changing the command to "btrfs filesystem resize 2:max /" I assume I would not get this error on a clean situation (filesystem on one partition with devid of 1).
To identify the devid for the devices in question, use "btrfs filesystem show /"
This is still broken, moving to another bug tracker https://github.com/kdave/btrfs-progs/issues/470 .