I have a server with AMD EPYC 7773X 64-Core Processor (ucode: 20230625.ee91452d-5) running on supermicro h12ssl-i. I mistakenly enabled the ACPI-based driver instead of amd-pstate. It turns out that, when running a particular program (the source code is at https://github.com/SchrodingerZhu/paguroidea/tree/acpi-cpupower-bug and I invoked `cargo bench`), the whole system powers down immediately (the video output is cut; the power LED is down; the BMC seems to be alive as the fan is still running but I cannot get any log from SEL). I reproduced this under both schedutil and performance governor (others are not tested). I switched to amd_pstate=guided now, and the problem is gone. So I think this should be a problem with the ACPI driver.
The ACPI driver is extremely unlikely to cause this. This looks more like a HW error, either in your CPU or motherboard.