Created attachment 276105 [details] lsusb I've got a Phonic Helix Board 12 Universal, which is a analog audio mixer plus USB/FireWire Audio Interface. Recording using the FireWire interface works as intended (using the in-kernel ALSA driver), but recording using the USB interface results in total silence. Playback works for both connection methods. I performed a firmware update which claimed to make the device compatible with macOS. Since then, the device is successfully detected by the kernel as well as Ardour 5. Attached is lsusb -vvv output.
Created attachment 276107 [details] information from /proc/asound/card2/stream0
As suggested on the alsa-user mailinglist, this is actually an Ardour/ALSA issue rather than a kernel issue. It works fine when using JACK as backend and I only ever tried Ardour.